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Angola: DDR Activities at a Glance |
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| Finances |
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| Activities |
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| Progress |
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* USD value of IDA credits/grants varies over time due to exchange rate changes with SDR |
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Table last updated August 2009 |
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Background
Angola experienced internal conflict from about 1961 to 2002. From 1961 to 1975, three groups fought the Portuguese for independence, and each other for control of the country: the Movement for the Popular Liberation of Angola (MPLA), the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA). After independence in 1975, geographic control was principally split between the MPLA holding the urban areas, and UNITA holding large portions of the rural east and south. The FNLA collapsed in 1976.
Attempts to end the conflict (Bicesse Accords 1991; Lusaka Peace Protocol 1994) failed due to contested elections in 1992 and UNITA's failure to fully comply with the conditions of the Lusaka agreement. By 1998, the peace process had collapsed. While Government forces slowly regained control, lowlevel guerilla warfare persisted in non-strategic rural areas until February 2002, when Jonas Savimbi, UNITA's leader, was killed in battle. A Memorandum of Understanding was signed on April 4, 2002, effectively putting an end to the armed struggle.
With the exception of continued sporadic conflict in the resource-rich Cabinda province, a degree of peace and stability have now returned to Angola and there is general consensus that the emergency humanitarian phase has passed. Parliamentary elections took place in September 2008.
National Program
Name:
Angola Demobilization and Reintegration Program- ADRP
Implementing Agency:
Institute for Socio-Professional Reintegration of Ex-combatants - IRSEM
Financing:
$246.3 million (World Bank IDA grant: $38.8 million | Multi-Donor Trust Fund: $30.23 million | European Commission grant: $ 20.3 million| Government of Angola: $157 million)
Status:
Closed December 31, 2008
Objectives:
The ADRP aimed to help consolidate economic stability in Angola and in the greater Great Lakes region by
- demobilizing up to an estimated 105,000 UNITA ;
- Support their return into civilian life; and
- Facilitate the reallocation of Government expenditure from military to social and economic sectors.
Overall Progress Table:
Final Progress Update:
- 92,297direct beneficiaries have completed reintegration activities. Over 260 sub-projects have been contracted.
- In 2008, approximately 10,500 ex-combatants were interviewed 3 to 6 months after receiving reintegration support. Main findings of these interviews include: 61% of ex-combatants are self employed; 35 % are unemployed, 4% are formally employed; 95% have access to agriculture land; 98% have established families and 93% consider themselves reintegrated into their communities of destination.
- The Government has decided to finance a follow-up project to support other ex-combatants beyond the closure of the MDRP and IDA grants in December 2008. The new project will start in early 2009 and will be solely funded by the Government.
Special Projects
Project:
Joint Special Project to Support the Reintegration of Demobilized Soldiers in Angola
Administrator:
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Financing: $4.3 million
Status: Completed
Objective:
The Joint Special Project to Support the Reintegration of Demobilized Soldiers in Angola consisted of two main components:
- Basic agriculture assistance to ex-combatants and their families – Implemented by FAO, the first component aimed to assist an estimated 50,000 ex-combatants to produce basic foods for themselves and their families for one year through the provision of agriculture kits and technical support.
- Economic reintegration support - The second component of the project implemented by UNDP consisted of a number of pilot activities designed to test the underlying assumptions and approaches regarding economic reintegration, including vocational training opportunities, business training and business advisory services, job placement, micro-credit support, and employment generation.
The project also provided support to develop the procedures for reintegration project review and approval, to design the project management information system, and to train provincial and central office staff of IRSEM.
The final report indicated that UNDP reached 85% of the targeted beneficiary group including provision of seeds and tools to 40,716 ex-combatants, and economic reintegration support to an estimated 4,300. The project is also credited with effectively launching the project review and approval process that is currently being used under the ADRP and in the development of the project's main information system for tracking beneficiaries. The main challenges encountered were weak implementation partners that caused delays in disbursements, and delays in procurement of tool kits that led to difficulties with beneficiaries.
Country Documents
The following documents will help you better understand the country and its context.
Program Documentation:
Technical Annex - Angola Emergency Demobilization and Reintegration Project (The World Bank) (PDF)
Other Documents:
News:
Contacts
IRSEM
Avenida Comandante Valodia
No. 206, 10 Andar
Edificio CAP - 449312
Caixa Postal 6243
Luanda - ANGOLA
Contact: Gen. Antonio de Andrade
Director General
Email: [email protected]
Fax: +(244-2) 441 997
World Bank
1818 H St. NW
Washington, DC 20433
USA
Marcelo Fabre
Task Team Leader
Email: [email protected]
Phone: +1 202 473 8477
Fax: +1 202 473 8229
Relevant Links
These links will help you better understand the country and its context.
The World bank: Angola
BBC Angola Profile
allAfrica.com: Angola
Amnesty International: Angola
Human Rights Watch: Angola
Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN): Angola
International Crisis Group: Angola
ReliefWeb: Angola
Text of Bicesse Accords, 1991
Text of Lusaka Peace Protocol, 1994
Text of Lusaka Peace Protocol, 1994: Original Portuguese (Scanned PDF)
Website links provided on this website are for informational purposes only. Their inclusion does not imply MDRP endorsement of or responsibility for the information included therein.
For any questions regarding MDRP activities please email: [email protected]